A Case of Polymyositis with Interstitial Lung Disease Onset.

Polymyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy of unknown aetiology that affect skeletal muscles causing symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness, and also other internal organs. The investigations reveal elevated skeletal muscle enzyme levels and characteristic electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy findings. Pulmonary involvement in polymyositis includes respiratory muscle weakness, aspiration pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, infection and drug-induced pneumonia. We expose the case of a young woman (47 years old) who presented to the Pulmonology Clinic with fever, cough, purulent sputum, discrete myalgia, being diagnosed at that moment with interstitial lung disease and treated with antibiotics, low dose of corticosteroids and symptomatic drugs. The evolution was slowly favorable for the respiratory impairment, but the patient developed exacerbated myalgia, muscle weakness, reaching even the impossibility of maintaining orthostatism, and also joint pain. Biological investigations revealed an important hepatocytolysis syndrome and also increased levels of muscle enzyme. The hypothetical diagnosis was polymyositis and to sustain this theory it was performed a muscle biopsy. The patient was transferred afterwards to the Rheumatology Clinic, in order to perform other specific investigations. In our clinic the patient maintained elevated levels of skeletal muscle enzymes and the muscle biopsy revealed polymyositis findings. Also immunological investigations objectified the presence of Jo1 antibodies. Therefore we pleaded for the diagnosis of idiopathic polymyositis, acute form. A multidisciplinary approach is needed in order to establish an accurate diagnosis and to institute a proper treatment.